"PIC'n Techniques"
PIC MICROCONTROLLER APPLICATIONS GUIDE

Table of Contents

INTRODUCTION

8-PIN MICROCONTROLLERS - PIC12C508

PIC12C508 pins and functions
Packages
Clock oscillator
Configuration bits
Reset
Port
GPIO register
TRIS register
Architecture

Program memory
File registers
Stack
Reset vector
OSCCAL calibration constant
   Internal clock applications
   External clock applications

OSCCAL considerations and rules restated
Program counter
Option register
Status register
Timing and counting
PIC12C508 programming example - internal clock
PIC12C508 programming example - external clock

TEST EQUIPMENT FOR TIMING AND COUNTING EXPERIMENTS

Test equipment for detecting a short single pulse and measuring it's width
Pulse generator - 32 microseconds
Pulse generator - 128 microseconds
Pulse generator - 2000 microseconds
Pulse generator - 65280 microseconds
Test equipment for generating a frequency output

USING TIMER 1, TIMER 2 AND THE CAPTURE/COMPARE/PWM (CCP) MODULE

PIC16C63 test circuit
Before we take off
TMR2: 8-bit timer

TMR2 description
How to choose/select mode of operation
Interrupts
TMR2 applications
   Free running mode (via TMR2 interrupt)
   Free running mode (via period register)
TMR1: 16-bit timer/counter and capture/compare module

TMR1/CCP module simplified
TMR1 description
CCP module - capture mode
CCP module - compare mode
CCP module - PWM mode
How to choose/select mode of operation

T1CON register
CCP1CON register

Interrupts
Reading and writing TMR1
Long time intervals
Controlling the CCP1 pin in compare mode
More than one way to do timing stuff

Timing and counting experiments

Free running output (via TMR1 interrupt)
Event counting (via TMR1)
Count events, read TMR1 contents
Capture TMR1 count when external event occurs
Count events up to predetermined number and generate an output (compare)

Single time interval output (via TMR1 and CCP, compare mode)
Start TMR1, auto end
      500 milliseconds
      128 microseconds

Free running output (via TMR1 and CCP, compare mode)
      Clear TMR1 each cycle
      Free running TMR1, add interval value to compare register each cycle

Time measurement (period/interval/time between events)
      (via TMR1 read)(interval input via port pin)
      (via TMR1 and CCP, capture mode)(interval input via CCP1 pin,
      two captures,subtract)

Frequency measurement (via TMR1, gate via TMR0)
External 32,768 Hz watch crystal-based clock for TMR1
Pulse width modulation (PWM) using TMR2 and the CCP module

Analog output - increase/decrease buttons - PWM - 8-bit mode
Duty cycle - 10-bit mode
Analog output - increase/decrease buttons - PWM - 10-bit mode

DESIGNING AND BUILDING YOUR OWN TEST EQUIPMENT

Keypad/LCD user interface

5-digit decimal to 16-bit binary entry program
Using the 5-digit decimal to 16-bit binary entry program

Digital pulse generator
Digital frequency generator
Time interval measurement instrument
Frequency measurement instrument
Creating your own combination signal generator and measurement instrument

TALKING TO A PIC16 WITH A PC VIA A TERMINAL PROGRAM

"U-turn" experiment
PC-to-PC "2-lane highway" experiment
Importing a text file into a spreadsheet program

Windows 3.x
Windows 95

PC/PIC

PC baud rates
Modify ser_in subroutine
Modify ser_out subroutine

PIC to PIC at 4800 baud, LSB first

RS-232 interface for PIC16

RS-232 converter circuit using MAX233

PC to PIC serial communication

Display one ASCII character via 8 LEDs

PIC to PC serial communication

Send one ASCII character
Code for formatting PIC16 data on a PC screen
Sending a text file

PC to PIC/LCD

Control characters
Sending a text file (control characters and data)

SIMPLE DIGITAL VOLTMETER EXPERIMENT

SIMPLE DATA LOGGER EXPERIMENT

Main program
Data logging
Display data sequentially via LCD
Uploading data to a PC
Code
Operating procedure
Spreadsheet and graphing data - Windows 3.x
Spreadsheet and graphing data - Windows 95

APPENDIX B - PIC16C63 control registers

APPENDIX C - '84 on a board

APPENDIX D - PIC/LCD schematic and code

APPENDIX E - Keypad

APPENDIX F - Sources

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